What is another name for the Clinometer?

The term "Clinometer" is often used interchangeably with "Abney level." A clinometer is an instrument used to measure vertical angles, including slopes and heights, making it essential for surveying applications. The Abney level specifically employs a simple mechanism to measure angles of elevation or depression, which aligns with the functionalities of a clinometer.

The other choices, while they refer to instruments used in surveying or leveling, do not specifically denote the same device or functionality as the clinometer. For instance, a surveying instrument is a broad category that encompasses various tools, including total stations, theodolites, and levels, without pinpointing to the specific use of angle measurement associated with clinometers. A gravity level refers to a different method of leveling entirely which relies on the force of gravity, and a refractor level usually describes telescopes that are used in conjunction with leveling instruments but are not synonymous with a clinometer. Therefore, the designation of "Abney level" aligns correctly as another name for the clinometer.